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Differences between the oils are observed with the base oil having higher friction at a given viscosity but a lower average FMEP due to the temperature distribution of the test and lower viscosities reached by the base oil. Linear regressions and average friction mean effective pressure are usedmore » as a secondary means of comparing FMEP for the various oil formulations. Friction mean effective pressure is plotted versus oil dynamic viscosity to compare the lubricant FMEP at a given viscosity. In addition, a commercial SAE 5W-30 engine oil is investigated. Friction mean effective pressure (FMEP) is measured and compared for an SAE 10W-30 and an SAE 5W-20 oil in three stages of production: base oil, commercial oil without a friction and wear reducing additive, and fully formulated commercial oil. Here, the feasibility of using a motored single-cylinder 517 cc diesel engine to observe small frictional differences between oil formulations is investigated. PMID:24068886įeasibility of observing small differences in friction mean effective pressure between different lubricating oil formations using small, single-cylinder motored engine rig The similarity factor f 2 was 54.8, indicating that the dissolution pattern of the new optimized formulation showed equivalence to the predicted profile. The new formulation was prepared and performed by the dissolution test.
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It was found that the interaction effect of these formulation factors (X 1 X 2, X 1 X 3, and X 2 X 3) showed more potential influence than that of the main factors (X 1, X 2, and X 3). Multiple-response optimization was performed to search for the appropriate formulation with specific release pattern. The effect of formulation factors including that on responses was inspected by using response surface methodology (RSM). The drug release percentages at 10, 30, 60, and 90 min were selected as responses. The independent factors were the components of oil-based capsule including beeswax (X 1), hydrogenated coconut oil (X 2), and soybean oil (X 3). A three-factor-constrained mixture design was used to prepare the systemic model formulations. The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize an isotretinoin oil-based capsule with specific dissolution pattern. Tsai, Pi-Ju Huang, Chi-Te Lee, Chen-Chou Li, Chi-Lin Huang, Yaw-Bin Tsai, Yi-Hung Wu, Pao-Chu Isotretinoin Oil-Based Capsule Formulation Optimization The IL-ZDDP formulation consistently outperforms the ZDDP-only formulation in friction reduction and wear protection, and results from the bench and engine tests are well correlated.« less Results were benchmarked against those of another experimental engine oil with almost the same formulation except using ZDDP only without the IL (similar total phosphorus content). In addition, the forthcoming standardmore » Sequence VIE engine dynamometer test was then conducted to demonstrate improved fuel economy.
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The prototype engine oil was first evaluated using tribological bench tests: AW performance in boundary lubrication (BL) and friction behavior (Stribeck curves) in elastohydrodynamic, mixed, and BL. An experimental SAE 0W-16 engine oil was generated containing a combination of IL and ZDDP with equal phosphorus contribution. In this research, we investigated whether this synergy manifests in formulated engine oils. We have previously reported an oil-miscible phosphonium-organophosphate ionic liquid (IL) with an effective anti-wear (AW) functionality when added to a base oil by itself or combined with a conventional zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) for a synergistic effect. Tribological bench and engine dynamometer tests of a low viscosity SAE 0W-16 engine oil using a combination of ionic liquid and ZDDP as anti-wear additivesīarnhill, William C. Lubricating products formulated to provide lubrication and wear protection for four-cycle gasoline or diesel engines. Designated Items § 3201.102 Engine crankcase oils. 7 Agriculture 15 false Engine crankcase oils.